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Los estudios detrás de cada biomarcador.

Qué puede decir cada biomarcador, qué no, y de dónde sale esa información. 69 referencias entre guías, consensos, ensayos y metaanálisis, cada una enlazada a su fuente original.

Lecturas

Cada lectura resume una sola fuente con palabras nuestras y dice en qué se basa.

Metabolismo

Lípidos

Nutrientes

Hormonas

Envejecimiento

Lectura crítica

Por biomarcador

Qué mide cada uno, qué puede alterar su lectura y qué referencias lo acompañan.

Eje suprarrenal

Cómo se armó esta biblioteca

Es una selección dirigida y no una revisión sistemática. Priorizamos guías de sociedades científicas, ensayos clínicos, metaanálisis y estudios fundacionales sobre los biomarcadores del catálogo. Verificamos títulos, identificadores y revistas en Europe PMC y en el sitio de cada institución.

Que una referencia aparezca junto a un biomarcador indica que tratan el mismo tema. No quiere decir que respalde un rango, un umbral o una recomendación para una persona. Un profesional de salud todavía tiene que revisar cada fuente.

Referencias identificadas y enlazadas. La lectura crítica individual y la validación clínica están pendientes: una referencia asociada a un biomarcador indica relación temática, no respaldo de un umbral ni de una recomendación.

La biblioteca completa

69 referencias ordenadas por área, con enlace a la publicación original. Actualizada el 24 de septiembre de 2026.

Eje suprarrenal 3
  1. Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineGuía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016
  2. Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic reviewRevisión sistemática · BMC endocrine disorders · 2016
  3. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineGuía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2008
Envejecimiento 3
  1. Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trialEnsayo (análisis exploratorio) · Nature aging · 2023
  2. A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort studyCohorte (exploratorio) · PLoS medicine · 2018
  3. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspanCohorte (exploratorio) · Aging · 2018
Función hepática 3
  1. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)Guía clínica · Obesity facts · 2024
  2. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseGuía clínica · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2023
  3. ACG Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver ChemistriesGuía clínica · The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017
Función renal 7
  1. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney DiseaseGuía clínica · Kidney international · 2024
  2. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without RaceMétodo de laboratorio · The New England journal of medicine · 2021
  3. Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney DiseaseEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2020
  4. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of GoutGuía clínica · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020
  5. Serum Urate Lowering with Allopurinol and Kidney Function in Type 1 DiabetesEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2020
  6. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney functionEstudio de cohorte · The New England journal of medicine · 2013
  7. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rateMétodo de laboratorio · Annals of internal medicine · 2009
Hormonas 7
  1. Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement TherapyEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2023
  2. Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary SyndromeGuía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023
  3. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause SocietyConsenso de expertos · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2022
  4. Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for WomenConsenso de expertos · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019
  5. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineGuía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018
  6. Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineGuía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2017
  7. Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older MenEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2016
Inflamación 5
  1. Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular eventsRevisión sistemática · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
  2. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic DiseaseEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  3. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysisMetaanálisis de cohortes · Lancet (London, England) · 2010
  4. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive proteinEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  5. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular diseaseEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2006
Lípidos 14
  1. 2026 ACC/AHA Multisociety Guideline on the Management of DyslipidemiaGuía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2026
  2. 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemiasGuía clínica · European heart journal · 2025
  3. Role of apolipoprotein B in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk in adults: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid AssociationConsenso de expertos · Journal of clinical lipidology · 2024
  4. Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant PatientsEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2023
  5. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statementConsenso de expertos · European heart journal · 2022
  6. Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular RiskEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2022
  7. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical TrialEnsayo clínico · JAMA · 2020
  8. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus PanelConsenso de expertos · European heart journal · 2020
  9. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for HypertriglyceridemiaEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  10. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular DiseaseEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  11. Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary SyndromesEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2015
  12. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trialsMetaanálisis · Lancet (London, England) · 2012
  13. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation studyAleatorización mendeliana · Lancet (London, England) · 2012
  14. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trialsMetaanálisis · Lancet (London, England) · 2010
Metabolismo 10
  1. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026Guía clínica · Diabetes care · 2026
  2. 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026Guía clínica · Diabetes care · 2026
  3. Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes MellitusGuía clínica · Diabetes care · 2023
  4. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adultsEstudio de cohorte · The New England journal of medicine · 2010
  5. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetesEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  6. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetesEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  7. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetesSeguimiento de ensayo · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  8. Use and abuse of HOMA modelingRevisión de métodos · Diabetes care · 2004
  9. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metforminEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2002
  10. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in manMétodo de laboratorio · Diabetologia · 1985
Métodos de laboratorio 1
  1. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood samplingConsenso de expertos · Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2018
Nutrientes 11
  1. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineGuía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024
  2. Vitamin B12 deficiency in over 16s: diagnosis and managementGuía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2024
  3. Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data From 3 Randomized Clinical TrialsMetaanálisis · Annals of internal medicine · 2023
  4. Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older AdultsEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2022
  5. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adultsGuía clínica · Gut · 2021
  6. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency AnemiaGuía clínica · Gastroenterology · 2020
  7. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populationsGuía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2020
  8. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular DiseaseEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  9. Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 DiabetesEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  10. Effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism in people with or at risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trialsRevisión sistemática · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2016
  11. Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studiesRevisión sistemática · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013
Tiroides 5
  1. Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisMetaanálisis · JAMA · 2018
  2. Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical HypothyroidismEnsayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  3. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of ThyrotoxicosisGuía clínica · Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2016
  4. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fracture risk: a meta-analysisMetaanálisis · JAMA · 2015
  5. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the american thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacementGuía clínica · Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2014