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La evidencia, a la vista.

Qué puede decir cada biomarcador, qué no, y de dónde viene esa información. 69 referencias —guías, consensos, ensayos y metaanálisis— enlazadas a su fuente original.

Lecturas

Cada lectura resume una sola fuente con palabras propias. 9 de ellas se escribieron leyendo el texto completo del artículo; las demás resumen las recomendaciones publicadas de una guía.

Por biomarcador

Qué mide cada uno, qué puede alterar su lectura y qué referencias lo acompañan.

Metabolismo

Lípidos

Hormonas

Eje suprarrenal

Tiroides

Inflamación

Nutrientes

Órganos

Cómo se armó esta biblioteca

Es una selección dirigida, no una revisión sistemática: se priorizaron guías de sociedades científicas, ensayos clínicos relevantes, metaanálisis y estudios fundacionales relacionados con los biomarcadores del catálogo. Los títulos, identificadores y revistas se verificaron en Europe PMC y en los sitios de cada institución.

Que una referencia aparezca junto a un biomarcador indica una relación temática. No significa que respalde un rango, un umbral ni una recomendación para una persona en particular. La lectura crítica de cada fuente por un profesional de salud todavía está pendiente.

Referencias identificadas y enlazadas. La lectura crítica individual y la validación clínica están pendientes: una referencia asociada a un biomarcador indica relación temática, no respaldo de un umbral ni de una recomendación.

La biblioteca completa

69 referencias, ordenadas por área. Enlaces a la publicación original; no reproducimos los artículos. Actualizada el 24 de septiembre de 2026.

Eje suprarrenal 3
  1. Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Guía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016
  2. Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review Revisión sistemática · BMC endocrine disorders · 2016
  3. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Guía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2008
Envejecimiento 3
  1. Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial Ensayo (análisis exploratorio) · Nature aging · 2023
  2. A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study Cohorte (exploratorio) · PLoS medicine · 2018
  3. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan Cohorte (exploratorio) · Aging · 2018
Función hepática 3
  1. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Guía clínica · Obesity facts · 2024
  2. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Guía clínica · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2023
  3. ACG Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Chemistries Guía clínica · The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017
Función renal 7
  1. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Guía clínica · Kidney international · 2024
  2. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race Método de laboratorio · The New England journal of medicine · 2021
  3. Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2020
  4. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout Guía clínica · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020
  5. Serum Urate Lowering with Allopurinol and Kidney Function in Type 1 Diabetes Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2020
  6. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function Estudio de cohorte · The New England journal of medicine · 2013
  7. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate Método de laboratorio · Annals of internal medicine · 2009
Hormonas 7
  1. Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2023
  2. Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Guía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023
  3. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society Consenso de expertos · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2022
  4. Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women Consenso de expertos · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019
  5. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Guía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018
  6. Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Guía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2017
  7. Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2016
Inflamación 5
  1. Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events Revisión sistemática · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
  2. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  3. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis Metaanálisis de cohortes · Lancet (London, England) · 2010
  4. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  5. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2006
Lípidos 14
  1. 2026 ACC/AHA Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia Guía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2026
  2. 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias Guía clínica · European heart journal · 2025
  3. Role of apolipoprotein B in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk in adults: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid Association Consenso de expertos · Journal of clinical lipidology · 2024
  4. Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2023
  5. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement Consenso de expertos · European heart journal · 2022
  6. Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2022
  7. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial Ensayo clínico · JAMA · 2020
  8. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Consenso de expertos · European heart journal · 2020
  9. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  10. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  11. Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2015
  12. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials Metaanálisis · Lancet (London, England) · 2012
  13. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study Aleatorización mendeliana · Lancet (London, England) · 2012
  14. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials Metaanálisis · Lancet (London, England) · 2010
Metabolismo 10
  1. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026 Guía clínica · Diabetes care · 2026
  2. 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026 Guía clínica · Diabetes care · 2026
  3. Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus Guía clínica · Diabetes care · 2023
  4. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults Estudio de cohorte · The New England journal of medicine · 2010
  5. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  6. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  7. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes Seguimiento de ensayo · The New England journal of medicine · 2008
  8. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling Revisión de métodos · Diabetes care · 2004
  9. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2002
  10. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man Método de laboratorio · Diabetologia · 1985
Métodos de laboratorio 1
  1. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood sampling Consenso de expertos · Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2018
Nutrientes 11
  1. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Guía clínica · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024
  2. Vitamin B12 deficiency in over 16s: diagnosis and management Guía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2024
  3. Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data From 3 Randomized Clinical Trials Metaanálisis · Annals of internal medicine · 2023
  4. Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2022
  5. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults Guía clínica · Gut · 2021
  6. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia Guía clínica · Gastroenterology · 2020
  7. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations Guía clínica · Fuente institucional · 2020
  8. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  9. Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2019
  10. Effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism in people with or at risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials Revisión sistemática · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2016
  11. Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies Revisión sistemática · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013
Tiroides 5
  1. Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Metaanálisis · JAMA · 2018
  2. Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism Ensayo clínico · The New England journal of medicine · 2017
  3. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis Guía clínica · Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2016
  4. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fracture risk: a meta-analysis Metaanálisis · JAMA · 2015
  5. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the american thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement Guía clínica · Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2014